Hands-on & on-site

Work depends on being on-site, tools and physical operation; low automation.

Physical presence and on-the-spot judgement are hard to replace remotely.

Global ranking across all countries.

AU NZ CA US

Rank	Dimension	Country	AI risk	Human moat	Growth	Why
1	Forestry and Conservation Worker Forest and Conservation Workers	US	★☆☆☆☆	17/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
2	Scaffolder Scaffolder	AUNZ	★☆☆☆☆	17/10	★★★★★	On-site
3	Athletes and sports competitors Athletes and Sports Competitors	US	½☆☆☆☆	17/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
4	Asbestos removal worker Asbestos Removalist	AUNZ	★☆☆☆☆	16.4/10	★★★★☆	On-site
5	Outdoor Adventure Coach Outdoor Adventure Instructor	NZAU	★☆☆☆☆	16.4/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
6	Heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration technician Heating, refrigeration and air conditioning mechanics	CA	★☆☆☆☆	16/10	★★★★½	On-site
7	Power Line Worker Electrical Linesperson	NZAU	★☆☆☆☆	16/10	★★★★½	On-site
8	Glazier Glaziers	CAUS	★☆☆☆☆	16/10	★★★★☆	On-site
9	Landscaper / Gardener Landscaping and grounds maintenance labourers	CA	★☆☆☆☆	16/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
10	Park ranger Park Ranger	NZAU	½☆☆☆☆	16/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
11	Bicycle mechanic Bicycle Repairers	US	★☆☆☆☆	16/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
12	Landscape Gardener Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers	US	★☆☆☆☆	16/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
13	Electrical line installer and repairer Electrical Power-Line Installers and Repairers	US	★☆☆☆☆	16/10	★★★★☆	On-site
14	Plumber Plumbers	CA	★☆☆☆☆	17/10	★★★★☆	On-site
15	Solar panel installer Solar Panel Installer	NZAU	★☆☆☆☆	15/10	★★★★½	On-site
16	Concrete Worker Concrete finishers	CA	★☆☆☆☆	15/10	★★★★☆	On-site
17	Solar Photovoltaic Installers Solar Photovoltaic Installers	US	★☆☆☆☆	15/10	★★★★☆	On-site
18	Barber Barbers	US	★☆☆☆☆	17/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
19	Industrial Pipefitter Industrial Pipefitter	AU	★★☆☆☆	16.4/10	★★★★★	On-site
20	Mechanical services and air-conditioning plumbers Mechanical Services and Air Conditioning Plumber	NZ	★☆☆☆☆	16.4/10	★★★★☆	On-site
21	Coaches, Athletes, and Sports Officials Coaches, athletes and sports officials	CA	★☆☆☆☆	16.4/10	★★★½☆	On-site
22	Viticulture Worker Viticulture Worker	NZAU	★½☆☆☆	14/10	★★★★☆	On-site
23	Refrigeration & Air Conditioning Technician Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Mechanic	NZAU	★☆☆☆☆	16/10	★★★★½	On-site
24	Formwork carpenter Formwork Carpenter	NZAU	★☆☆☆☆	16/10	★★★★☆	On-site
25	Instrumentation Technician Instrumentation Technician	NZAU	★½☆☆☆	16/10	★★★★☆	On-site
26	Automotive Panel Beater Panel Beater	NZAU	★☆☆☆☆	16/10	★★★★☆	On-site
27	Steamfitters, pipefitters, and sprinkler system installers. Steamfitters, Pipefitters and Sprinkler System Installers	CA	★☆☆☆☆	16/10	★★★★☆	On-site
28	Tiler Wall and Floor Tiler	NZAU	★☆☆☆☆	16/10	★★★★☆	On-site
29	Painters and decorators. Painters and Decorators	CA	★☆☆☆☆	14/10	★★★½☆	On-site
30	mineral processing operator Mineral Process Operators	CA	★½☆☆☆	16/10	★★★½☆	On-site
31	Fence installer Fence Erectors	US	★☆☆☆☆	15/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
32	Swimming instructor Swimming Coach or Instructor	AUNZ	★☆☆☆☆	16/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
33	Automotive body repair and painting worker Automotive Body and Related Repairers	US	★☆☆☆☆	16/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
34	Power line technician Electrical power line and cable workers	CA	★½☆☆☆	15.6/10	★★★★½	On-site
35	Glazier Glazier	NZAU	★☆☆☆☆	15.6/10	★★★★☆	On-site
36	forestry technologist and technician Forestry technologists and technicians	CA	★☆☆☆☆	15.6/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
37	Forester Foresters	US	★☆☆☆☆	15.6/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
38	Floor layer Floor Finisher	NZAU	★☆☆☆☆	15/10	★★★★☆	On-site
39	roof plumber Roof Plumber	NZAU	★☆☆☆☆	15/10	★★★★☆	On-site
40	Tile layer Tilers	CA	★☆☆☆☆	15/10	★★★★☆	On-site
41	Construction rigger / Industrial mechanic Construction millwrights and industrial mechanics	CA	★☆☆☆☆	16/10	★★★★☆	On-site
42	Diesel mechanic Diesel Motor Mechanic	NZAU	★☆☆☆☆	15/10	★★★★½	On-site
43	Arborist / Forestry Worker Arborist / Forestry Worker	NZAU	★☆☆☆☆	15/10	★★★★☆	On-site
44	Mining Engineer Mining Engineer	AUNZ	★★☆☆☆	15/10	★★★★★	On-site
45	Floor installers Floor covering installers	CA	★☆☆☆☆	15/10	★★★★☆	On-site
46	Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists	US	★☆☆☆☆	15/10	★★★½☆	On-site
47	Agricultural engineer Agricultural Engineers	US	★☆☆☆☆	15/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
48	Commercial diver Commercial Divers	US	★☆☆☆☆	15/10	★★★½☆	On-site
49	Skincare Specialist Skincare Specialists	US	★☆☆☆☆	15/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
50	Aerospace engineering and operations technician Aerospace Engineering and Operations Technologists and Technicians	US	★½☆☆☆	15/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
51	Motor vehicle electronic equipment installer and repairer Electronic Equipment Installers and Repairers, Motor Vehicles	US	★★½☆☆	15/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
52	Shampooer Shampooers	US	½☆☆☆☆	15/10	★★☆☆☆	On-site
53	Tree pruner and trimmer Tree Trimmers and Pruners	US	★☆☆☆☆	15/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
54	Floor sanding and polishing worker Floor Sanders and Finishers	US	★☆☆☆☆	15/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
55	Floor layer (excluding carpet, wooden flooring, and hard tiles) Floor Layers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles	US	★☆☆☆☆	15/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
56	Sports Coach Sports Coach or Instructor	AUNZ	★½☆☆☆	15/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
57	Hairdressers and beauticians. Hairdressers and Estheticians	CA	★☆☆☆☆	15/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
58	Tile and stone setters Tile and Stone Setters	US	★☆☆☆☆	15/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
59	Chef Cook	NZAU	★☆☆☆☆	15/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
60	Restaurant Chef Cooks, Restaurant	US	★½☆☆☆	15/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
61	Forest and conservation technician Forest and Conservation Technicians	US	★½☆☆☆	15/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
62	Short-order cook Cooks, Short Order	US	★★★★☆	15/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
63	Landscaper / Gardener Landscaper	NZAU	★☆☆☆☆	14.4/10	★★★★☆	On-site
64	Landscaping and grounds maintenance supervisor First-Line Supervisors of Landscaping, Lawn Service, and Groundskeeping Workers	US	★½☆☆☆	14.4/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
65	Electrician Electrician	NZ	★☆☆☆☆	14.4/10	★★★★☆	On-site
66	Landscaping and horticultural services contractors and supervisors Contractors and supervisors, landscaping, grounds maintenance and horticulture services	CA	★☆☆☆☆	14.4/10	★★★★☆	On-site
67	first-line supervisors of construction trades and extraction workers First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades and Extraction Workers	US	★☆☆☆☆	14.4/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
68	Lifeguards, ski patrol, and other recreational protective service workers Lifeguards, Ski Patrol, and Other Recreational Protective Service Workers	US	★☆☆☆☆	14.4/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
69	Landscape architect Landscape Architects	US	★½☆☆☆	14.4/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
70	Carpentry (including formwork carpentry) Carpenters	CAUS	½☆☆☆☆	14/10	★★★★☆	On-site
71	Electrician (including solar installation) Electricians (except industrial and power system)	CA	★☆☆☆☆	15.6/10	★★★★½	On-site
72	Heavy equipment mechanic Heavy-duty equipment mechanics	CA	★☆☆☆☆	14/10	★★★★☆	On-site
73	Facility operations and maintenance manager Facility operation and maintenance managers	CA	★☆☆☆☆	15/10	★★★½☆	On-site
74	Aquaculture worker Aquaculture Worker	NZAU	★☆☆☆☆	14/10	★★★★½	On-site
75	Mechanical door repairer Mechanical Door Repairers	US	★☆☆☆☆	14/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
76	Automotive service technicians. Automotive Service Technician	CA	★☆☆☆☆	14/10	★★★½☆	On-site
77	Automotive glass installation and repair worker Automotive Glass Installers and Repairers	US	★☆☆☆☆	14/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
78	Despatch clerk Orderlies	US	★☆☆☆☆	14/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
79	Electric motor, power tool, and related repairer Electric Motor, Power Tool, and Related Repairers	US	★½☆☆☆	14/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
80	Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics	US	★½☆☆☆	14/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
81	Traffic controllers and flaggers. Crossing Guards and Flaggers	US	½☆☆☆☆	16/10	★½☆☆☆	On-site
82	Carpenter's assistant Helpers--Carpenters	US	★☆☆☆☆	14/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
83	Cabinetmaker and bench carpenter Cabinetmakers and Bench Carpenters	US	★☆☆☆☆	14/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
84	Jewellers and precious metal and gemstone workers Jewelers and Precious Stone and Metal Workers	US	★½☆☆☆	16/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
85	Paperhanger Paperhangers	US	★☆☆☆☆	14/10	★½☆☆☆	On-site
86	Boilermaker Boilermaker	AUNZ	★★☆☆☆	15/10	★★★★★	On-site
87	Farm manager Farm Manager	NZAU	★½☆☆☆	15/10	★★★★☆	On-site
88	Mobile heavy equipment mechanic (except engines) Mobile Heavy Equipment Mechanics, Except Engines	US	★☆☆☆☆	15/10	★★★½☆	On-site
89	Recreation activity worker. Recreation Workers	US	★½☆☆☆	14/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
90	Institutional and cafeteria cooks Cooks, Institution and Cafeteria	US	★★½☆☆	15/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
91	Pest control technician Pest Control Workers	US	★☆☆☆☆	14/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
92	Forest fire inspector and prevention specialist Forest Fire Inspectors and Prevention Specialists	US	★☆☆☆☆	15/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
93	Boilermaker Boilermakers	US	★☆☆☆☆	15/10	★★☆☆☆	On-site
94	Farmers, ranchers, and other agricultural managers Farmers, Ranchers, and Other Agricultural Managers	US	★★★½☆	15/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
95	Signal and track switch repairer Signal and Track Switch Repairers	US	★★½☆☆	15/10	★★☆☆☆	On-site
96	Plasterer Plasterer	NZAU	★☆☆☆☆	14.4/10	★★★★☆	On-site
97	Wind turbine technician Wind turbine technicians	CA	★☆☆☆☆	14.4/10	★★★★☆	On-site
98	Carpet installer Carpet Installers	US	★☆☆☆☆	14.4/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
99	Wall plasterer Tapers	US	★☆☆☆☆	14.4/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
100	Motorcycle mechanic and repair technician Motorboat Mechanics and Service Technicians	US	★☆☆☆☆	14.4/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
101	Refractory material repairer (excluding bricklayer) Refractory Materials Repairers, Except Brickmasons	US	★☆☆☆☆	14.4/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
102	Furniture upholsterer Upholsterers	US	★☆☆☆☆	14.4/10	★☆☆☆☆	On-site
103	Crane and tower crane operator Crane and Tower Operators	US	★☆☆☆☆	13.6/10	★★★½☆	On-site
104	Crane Operator Crane operators	CA	★☆☆☆☆	13.6/10	★★★★☆	On-site
105	Rebar/steel fixer Steel Fixer	NZAU	★☆☆☆☆	14/10	★★★★☆	On-site
106	Wind turbine technician Wind Turbine Technician	NZAU	★☆☆☆☆	14/10	★★★★½	On-site
107	Rigger/dogman Dogman / Construction Rigger	AU	★☆☆☆☆	14/10	★★★★★	On-site
108	Rigger/dogman Construction Rigger	NZ	★☆☆☆☆	14/10	★★★★☆	On-site
109	Scaffolder Scaffolders	CA	★☆☆☆☆	14/10	★★★★☆	On-site
110	Automotive spray painter Motor Vehicle Body Painter	NZAU	★☆☆☆☆	14/10	★★★★☆	On-site
111	Wind Turbine Service Technician Wind Turbine Service Technicians	US	★☆☆☆☆	14/10	★★★★½	On-site
112	Fitness instructor Program leaders and instructors in recreation, sport and fitness	CA	★☆☆☆☆	14/10	★★★½☆	On-site
113	Safety Officer / Security Officer Security Officer / Guard	AU	★★★☆☆	14/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
114	Building Automation Technician Building Automation Technician	NZAU	★½☆☆☆	13/10	★★★★☆	On-site
115	Earthmoving equipment operator Earthmoving Plant Operator	NZAU	★☆☆☆☆	14/10	★★★½☆	On-site
116	Welder and related machine operators Welders and related machine operators	CA	★☆☆☆☆	14/10	★★★½☆	On-site
117	Painter Painter and Decorator	AUNZ	★☆☆☆☆	14/10	★★★★☆	On-site
118	Chef Cooks	CA	★½☆☆☆	16/10	★★★★☆	On-site
119	Medical equipment repairer Medical Equipment Repairers	US	★☆☆☆☆	14/10	★★★½☆	On-site
120	Vineyard Supervisor / Agricultural Service Contractor Agricultural service contractors, farm supervisors and specialized livestock workers	CA	★☆☆☆☆	14/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
121	Control and valve installer and repairer (except mechanical doors) Control and Valve Installers and Repairers, Except Mechanical Door	US	★½☆☆☆	14/10	★★★½☆	On-site
122	Security personnel Security Officer	NZ	★☆☆☆☆	14/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
123	Rebar/steel fixer Reinforcing Iron and Rebar Workers	US	★☆☆☆☆	14/10	★★★½☆	On-site
124	Security work supervisor First-Line Supervisors of Security Workers	US	★½☆☆☆	14/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
125	Construction worker Construction Laborers	US	½☆☆☆☆	14/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
126	Rigger Riggers	US	★½☆☆☆	14/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
127	Mining and geological engineer (including mine safety engineer) Mining and Geological Engineers, Including Mining Safety Engineers	US	★½☆☆☆	14/10	★★★½☆	On-site
128	Mechanical insulator Insulation Workers, Mechanical	US	★☆☆☆☆	14/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
129	Construction and maintenance painter Painters, Construction and Maintenance	US	★☆☆☆☆	14/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
130	Maintenance and Repair Worker (General) Maintenance and Repair Workers, General	US	★☆☆☆☆	13/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
131	Steel fixer Structural Iron and Steel Workers	US	★½☆☆☆	14/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
132	Recreation and leisure supervisor First-Line Supervisors of Entertainment and Recreation Workers, Except Gambling Services	US	★★½☆☆	14/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
133	Aircraft cargo handling supervisor Aircraft Cargo Handling Supervisors	US	★★½☆☆	14/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
134	Motorcycle mechanic Motorcycle Mechanics	US	★☆☆☆☆	14/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
135	Lighting technician Lighting Technicians	US	★☆☆☆☆	14/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
136	Security personnel Security Guards	US	★★★★☆	14/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
137	Metal and plastic layout workers Layout Workers, Metal and Plastic	US	★★★½☆	15/10	★½☆☆☆	On-site
138	Coaches and scouts Coaches and Scouts	US	½☆☆☆☆	14/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
139	Structural metal fabricators and fitters Structural Metal Fabricators and Fitters	US	★★★★☆	14/10	★★☆☆☆	On-site
140	Extraction loader operator (surface mining) Excavating and Loading Machine and Dragline Operators, Surface Mining	US	★★★★☆	14/10	★½☆☆☆	On-site
141	Drill Operator Driller	AUNZ	★★☆☆☆	13.6/10	★★★★★	On-site
142	Earth driller (except oil and gas) Earth Drillers, Except Oil and Gas	US	★☆☆☆☆	13.6/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
143	Rotary drill operator (oil and gas) Rotary Drill Operators, Oil and Gas	US	★★☆☆☆	13.6/10	★½☆☆☆	On-site
144	Underground mine service and support worker Underground mine service and support workers	CACA	★☆☆☆☆	13/10	★★★½☆	On-site
145	Cook / Chef Chef / Head Chef	AU	★☆☆☆☆	15/10	★★★★☆	On-site
146	Facilities manager Facilities Manager	AUNZ	★★☆☆☆	15/10	★★★★★	On-site
147	Electronics technician Electronics Technologists and Technicians	CA	★½☆☆☆	13/10	★★★★☆	On-site
148	Cook / Chef Chef	NZ	★☆☆☆☆	15/10	★★★★☆	On-site
149	Occupational Health and Safety Technician Occupational Health and Safety Technicians	US	★☆☆☆☆	15/10	★★★½☆	On-site
150	Transport truck driver Transport Truck Drivers	CA	★☆☆☆☆	13/10	★★★★☆	On-site
151	Drill Operator Drillers	CA	★☆☆☆☆	15/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
152	Facilities manager Facilities Managers	US	★½☆☆☆	15/10	★★★★☆	On-site
153	Head chef Chefs and Head Cooks	US	★☆☆☆☆	15/10	★★★½☆	On-site
154	Electrical and electronics engineering technician Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technologists and Technicians	US	★★★☆☆	13/10	★★★½☆	On-site
155	Floor, ceiling, and wall insulator Insulation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, and Wall	US	★☆☆☆☆	13/10	★★★½☆	On-site
156	Mining Engineer Mining engineers	CA	★☆☆☆☆	13/10	★★★½☆	On-site
157	Calibration technician Calibration Technologists and Technicians	US	★★½☆☆	13/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
158	Mechanical equipment maintenance worker Maintenance Workers, Machinery	US	★★½☆☆	15/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
159	Outdoor power equipment and other small engine mechanic Outdoor Power Equipment and Other Small Engine Mechanics	US	★☆☆☆☆	13/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
160	Musical Instrument Repairer and Tuner Musical Instrument Repairers and Tuners	US	★☆☆☆☆	15/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
161	Audiovisual equipment installer and repairer. Audiovisual Equipment Installers and Repairers	US	★★½☆☆	13/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
162	Passenger Service Agent Passenger Attendants	US	★★★★☆	15/10	★½☆☆☆	On-site
163	Demonstrator and product promoter Demonstrators and Product Promoters	US	★★★★☆	13/10	★½☆☆☆	On-site
164	Stationary engineers and boiler operators Stationary Engineers and Boiler Operators	US	★★½☆☆	14/10	★½☆☆☆	On-site
165	Wooden model maker Model Makers, Wood	US	★★★★☆	13/10	★☆☆☆☆	On-site
166	Bricklayer Bricklayers	CA	★☆☆☆☆	14.4/10	★★★½☆	On-site
167	Bricklayers and Blocklayers Brickmasons and Blockmasons	US	★☆☆☆☆	14.4/10	★★★½☆	On-site
168	Nail technician Manicurists and Pedicurists	US	★☆☆☆☆	14.4/10	★★★½☆	On-site
169	Bricklayer, blocklayer, stonemason, and tile/marble layer assistant Helpers--Brickmasons, Blockmasons, Stonemasons, and Tile and Marble Setters	US	★☆☆☆☆	14.4/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
170	Prefabricated and mobile home installer Manufactured Building and Mobile Home Installers	US	★☆☆☆☆	14.4/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
171	Electronics technician Electronics Technician	NZAU	★½☆☆☆	13/10	★★★★☆	On-site
172	Construction manager Construction Manager	CA	★½☆☆☆	14/10	★★★★☆	On-site
173	Bricklayer Bricklayer	NZAU	★☆☆☆☆	14/10	★★★½☆	On-site
174	Sheet Metal Worker Sheet metal workers	CA	★☆☆☆☆	14/10	★★★★☆	On-site
175	Rail traffic crew (corresponding occupation for train drivers) Railway Carmen/women	CA	★☆☆☆☆	14/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
176	Tool and Die Maker Tool and die makers	CA	★☆☆☆☆	14/10	★★★★☆	On-site
177	Heavy equipment operator Heavy Equipment Operators	CA	★☆☆☆☆	12/10	★★★½☆	On-site
178	Physical therapist assistant Physical Therapist Aides	US	★☆☆☆☆	12/10	★★★★☆	On-site
179	Security guards and related security service personnel Security guards and related security service occupations	CA	★☆☆☆☆	12/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
180	Veterinary Assistant and Laboratory Animal Caretaker Veterinary Assistants and Laboratory Animal Caretakers	US	★½☆☆☆	12/10	★★★★☆	On-site
181	Station agent and ticket agent Station agents and ticket agents	CA	★½☆☆☆	14/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
182	Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators Operating Engineers and Other Construction Equipment Operators	US	★☆☆☆☆	12/10	★★★½☆	On-site
183	Helpers for installation, maintenance, and repair workers Helpers--Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers	US	★☆☆☆☆	12/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
184	Food service managers Restaurant and food service managers	CA	★½☆☆☆	14/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
185	Agricultural labour contractor Farm Labor Contractors	US	★☆☆☆☆	14/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
186	Agricultural inspector Agricultural Inspectors	US	★☆☆☆☆	14/10	★★☆☆☆	On-site
187	Oil rig operator Derrick Operators, Oil and Gas	US	★★½☆☆	14/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
188	Wardrobe attendant Costume Attendants	US	★☆☆☆☆	14/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
189	Cement mason and concrete finisher Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers	US	★☆☆☆☆	14/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
190	Locksmith and safe repairer Locksmiths and Safe Repairers	US	★☆☆☆☆	14/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
191	First-line supervisors of production and operating workers First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers	US	★★★★☆	14/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
192	Port Operator Stevedore	NZAU	★★½☆☆	14/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
193	Rail vehicle repairer Rail Car Repairers	US	★★½☆☆	14/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
194	Natural gas compressor and pumping station operator Gas Compressor and Gas Pumping Station Operators	US	★★★★☆	14/10	★½☆☆☆	On-site
195	Roof tiler Roofers	US	★☆☆☆☆	14/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
196	Delivery Driver Delivery Driver	AUNZ	★★★☆☆	14/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
197	Shuttle bus driver and private driver Shuttle Drivers and Chauffeurs	US	★★★★☆	14/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
198	Delivery Drivers and Couriers Couriers and Messengers	US	★★★½☆	14/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
199	Rail yard locomotive driver Rail Yard Engineers, Dinkey Operators, and Hostlers	US	★½☆☆☆	14/10	★★☆☆☆	On-site
200	Power plant operator Power Plant Operators	US	★★★☆☆	14/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
201	Farm, fishery and forestry frontline supervisor First-Line Supervisors of Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Workers	US	★★½☆☆	14/10	★½☆☆☆	On-site
202	Driver/sales worker Driver/Sales Workers	US	★★★★☆	14/10	★★☆☆☆	On-site
203	Oil and gas well service operator Service Unit Operators, Oil and Gas	US	★★★☆☆	14/10	★½☆☆☆	On-site
204	Automotive spray painter Automotive painters	CA	★☆☆☆☆	13.6/10	★★★½☆	On-site
205	Concrete Worker Concreter	NZAU	½☆☆☆☆	12/10	★★★★☆	On-site
206	Truck driver Truck Driver (General)	NZ	★☆☆☆☆	13/10	★★★★☆	On-site
207	Materials Handling and Vehicle Operations Supervisor First-Line Supervisors of Material-Moving Machine and Vehicle Operators	US	★☆☆☆☆	12/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
208	Truck driver Truck Driver	AU	★★★☆☆	13/10	★★★★☆	On-site
209	Transport/station officer Transport / Station Officer	NZAU	★½☆☆☆	12/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
210	Warehouse Supervisor Supervisors, supply chain, tracking and scheduling coordination occupations	CA	★★½☆☆	12/10	★★★½☆	On-site
211	Natural gas plant operator Gas Plant Operators	US	★☆☆☆☆	12/10	★½☆☆☆	On-site
212	Highway maintenance workers Highway Maintenance Workers	US	★☆☆☆☆	12/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
213	Bridge and lock operator Bridge and Lock Tenders	US	★☆☆☆☆	12/10	★☆☆☆☆	On-site
214	Heavy truck and trailer driver Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers	US	★☆☆☆☆	13/10	★★★½☆	On-site
215	Pile driver operator Pile Driver Operators	US	★☆☆☆☆	12/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
216	Non-restaurant food service worker Food Servers, Nonrestaurant	US	★☆☆☆☆	12/10	★½☆☆☆	On-site
217	Light truck driver. Light Truck Drivers	US	★★½☆☆	13/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
218	Water treatment operator Water Treatment Operator	NZAU	★☆☆☆☆	11/10	★★★½☆	On-site
219	Medical device preparer Medical Equipment Preparers	US	★☆☆☆☆	12/10	★★★½☆	On-site
220	Plumber's assistant Helpers--Pipelayers, Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters	US	★☆☆☆☆	11/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
221	Water/wastewater plant system operator Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant and System Operators	US	★☆☆☆☆	11/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
222	Rebar/steel fixer Construction trades helpers and labourers	CA	★☆☆☆☆	11/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
223	Pump operators (except wellhead pumpers). Pump Operators, Except Wellhead Pumpers	US	★☆☆☆☆	11/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
224	Cooling and freezing equipment operator Cooling and Freezing Equipment Operators and Tenders	US	★★★☆☆	11/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
225	Radio, cellular, and tower equipment installers and repairers Radio, Cellular, and Tower Equipment Installers and Repairers	US	★★½☆☆	13/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
226	Tyre repairer and changer Tire Repairers and Changers	US	★★★☆☆	11/10	★½☆☆☆	On-site
227	Stonemason Stonemasons	US	★☆☆☆☆	11/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
228	Entertainment and leisure service attendant Amusement and Recreation Attendants	US	★★★☆☆	10.4/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
229	Underground Miner Underground Miner	AUNZ	★★☆☆☆	12/10	★★★★★	On-site
230	Baker/Pastry Chef Baker	NZAU	★☆☆☆☆	12/10	★★★½☆	On-site
231	Bus Driver Bus Driver	NZAU	★☆☆☆☆	12/10	★★★★☆	On-site
232	School bus driver Bus Drivers, School	US	½☆☆☆☆	12/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
233	Mechanical engineering technician Mechanical Engineering Technologists and Technicians	US	★★½☆☆	12/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
234	Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners Septic Tank Servicers and Sewer Pipe Cleaners	US	★☆☆☆☆	10/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
235	Bus and intercity bus driver Bus Drivers, Transit and Intercity	US	★☆☆☆☆	12/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
236	Coating, painting, and spraying machine operators Coating, Painting, and Spraying Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders	US	★★★☆☆	10/10	★½☆☆☆	On-site
237	Usher, Lobby Attendant and Ticket Taker Ushers, Lobby Attendants, and Ticket Takers	US	★★★½☆	12/10	★½☆☆☆	On-site
238	Continuous mining machine operator. Continuous Mining Machine Operators	US	★★★★☆	12/10	★☆☆☆☆	On-site
239	Geological and mineral technologists and technicians Geological and mineral technologists and technicians	CA	★☆☆☆☆	11/10	★★★★½	On-site
240	School bus monitor School Bus Monitors	US	½☆☆☆☆	11/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
241	Short-term substitute teacher Substitute Teachers, Short-Term	US	★☆☆☆☆	11/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
242	Earth Scientists (excluding Hydrologists and Geographers) Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers	US	★½☆☆☆	11/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
243	Medical receptionist Medical Receptionist	NZAU	★½☆☆☆	11/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
244	Hydrologist Hydrologists	US	★½☆☆☆	11/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
245	Slaughterer and meat cutter Butchers and Meat Cutters	US	★★½☆☆	11/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
246	Geological technicians (excluding hydro-geological technicians) Geological Technicians, Except Hydrologic Technicians	US	★★½☆☆	11/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
247	Plasterers and stucco masons Plasterers and Stucco Masons	US	★☆☆☆☆	11/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
248	Mover and material handling supervisor First-Line Supervisors of Helpers, Laborers, and Material Movers, Hand	US	★★★★☆	11/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
249	Chemical plant and system operator Chemical Plant and System Operators	US	★★★½☆	11/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
250	Shoe making and leather worker, and repairer Shoe and Leather Workers and Repairers	US	★☆☆☆☆	11/10	★☆☆☆☆	On-site
251	Material Handler (including Forklift Operator) Material handlers	CA	★½☆☆☆	10/10	★★★★☆	On-site
252	Delivery Driver Delivery drivers and door-to-door distributors	CA	★☆☆☆☆	10/10	★★★½☆	On-site
253	Dental assistant Dental Assistants	US	★½☆☆☆	10/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
254	Dispatchers (excluding police, fire, and ambulance) Dispatchers, Except Police, Fire, and Ambulance	US	★★★☆☆	10/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
255	Retail Sales Assistant Sales Assistant (General)	AUNZ	★★★★☆	10/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
256	Terrazzo worker and finisher Terrazzo Workers and Finishers	US	★☆☆☆☆	10/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
257	Dental assistant Dental Assistant	AUNZ	★★☆☆☆	10/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
258	Drywall and ceiling tile installer Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers	US	★☆☆☆☆	10/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
259	Metal pourer and caster Pourers and Casters, Metal	US	★★☆☆☆	10/10	★½☆☆☆	On-site
260	Laundry and Dry-Cleaning Workers Laundry and Dry-Cleaning Workers	US	★★★★☆	10/10	★½☆☆☆	On-site
261	Paper Products Machine Setter, Operator and Attendant Paper Goods Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders	US	★★★★☆	10/10	★½☆☆☆	On-site
262	Oil and gas wellhead workers Roustabouts, Oil and Gas	US	★½☆☆☆	10/10	★½☆☆☆	On-site
263	Door-to-door salesperson, street vendor, and related workers Door-to-Door Sales Workers, News and Street Vendors, and Related Workers	US	★★★★☆	10/10	★☆☆☆☆	On-site
264	Meat processing worker Meat Process Worker	NZ	★★★★☆	9/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
265	Slaughterer / Meat Processing Worker Abattoir / Meat Process Worker	AU	★★☆☆☆	9/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
266	Kitchen hand Kitchenhand	AUNZ	★★☆☆☆	9/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
267	Cleaner (excluding domestic cleaning) Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners	US	★☆☆☆☆	9/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
268	Roofer assistant Helpers--Roofers	US	★☆☆☆☆	9/10	★½☆☆☆	On-site
269	Shipping, receiving, and inventory manager Shipping, Receiving, and Inventory Clerks	US	★★★½☆	9/10	★★☆☆☆	On-site
270	Painters, coating, and decorating workers Painting, Coating, and Decorating Workers	US	★★★½☆	9/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
271	Freight handlers and material movers Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand	US	★★★★☆	9/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
272	Slaughterers and meat packers Slaughterers and Meat Packers	US	★★★½☆	9/10	★½☆☆☆	On-site
273	Light-duty cleaner Light Duty Cleaners	CA	★☆☆☆☆	8.4/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
274	Forklift operator Forklift Driver	NZAU	★☆☆☆☆	8/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
275	Plasterers, drywall installers and finishers, and lathers Plasterers, drywall installers and finishers and lathers	CA	★☆☆☆☆	8/10	★★★½☆	On-site
276	Electrician's assistant Helpers--Electricians	US	★☆☆☆☆	8/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
277	Roof bolter (mining) Roof Bolters, Mining	US	★☆☆☆☆	8/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
278	Coin, vending machine, and gaming machine repairer Coin, Vending, and Amusement Machine Servicers and Repairers	US	★★½☆☆	8/10	★½☆☆☆	On-site
279	Industrial truck and tractor operators. Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators	US	★★★★☆	8/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
280	Baggage Porter and Doorkeeper Baggage Porters and Bellhops	US	★★★★☆	8/10	★½☆☆☆	On-site
281	Shapers, formers, and casters (except metal and plastic) Molders, Shapers, and Casters, Except Metal and Plastic	US	★★½☆☆	8/10	★½☆☆☆	On-site
282	Changing room and cloakroom attendant Locker Room, Coatroom, and Dressing Room Attendants	US	★☆☆☆☆	7/10	★★☆☆☆	On-site
283	Crematory operator Crematory Operators	US	★☆☆☆☆	7/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
284	Taxi driver Taxi Drivers	US	★★★★☆	7/10	★☆☆☆☆	On-site
285	Food counter attendants, kitchen helpers, and related support occupations Food counter attendants, kitchen helpers and related support occupations	CA	★☆☆☆☆	6.4/10	★★☆☆☆	On-site
286	Painter, paperhanger, plasterer, and stucco mason helper. Helpers--Painters, Paperhangers, Plasterers, and Stucco Masons	US	★½☆☆☆	7/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
287	Petroleum pump system operators, refinery operators, and gaugers. Petroleum Pump System Operators, Refinery Operators, and Gaugers	US	★★★☆☆	8.4/10	★½☆☆☆	On-site
288	Telecommunications line installer and repairer Telecommunications Line Installers and Repairers	US	★☆☆☆☆	8/10	★★★½☆	On-site
289	Fiberglass laminator and fabricator Fiberglass Laminators and Fabricators	US	★★½☆☆	8/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
290	Agricultural produce graders and sorters Graders and Sorters, Agricultural Products	US	★★★★☆	7/10	★½☆☆☆	On-site
291	Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool operators Grinding, Lapping, Polishing, and Buffing Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic	US	★★★☆☆	8/10	★★☆☆☆	On-site
292	Weighers, inspectors, checkers and samplers (record keeping) Weighers, Measurers, Checkers, and Samplers, Recordkeeping	US	★★★★☆	8/10	★☆☆☆☆	On-site
293	Wood model maker Patternmakers, Wood	US	★☆☆☆☆	8/10	★½☆☆☆	On-site
294	Metal and plastic mold makers Patternmakers, Metal and Plastic	US	★★★☆☆	8/10	★★☆☆☆	On-site
295	Etchers and engravers Etchers and Engravers	US	★★★½☆	8/10	★☆☆☆☆	On-site
296	Aquaculture and marine harvesting laborers Aquaculture and marine harvest labourers	CA	½☆☆☆☆	7/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
297	Food preparation worker Food Preparation Workers	US	★☆☆☆☆	7/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
298	Log grader and scaler Log Graders and Scalers	US	★★★☆☆	7/10	★★☆☆☆	On-site
299	Ophthalmic laboratory technician Ophthalmic Laboratory Technicians	US	★★★☆☆	7/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
300	Dredge operator Dredge Operators	US	★☆☆☆☆	7/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
301	Parking enforcement officer Parking Enforcement Workers	US	★½☆☆☆	7/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
302	Wellhead pump operator Wellhead Pumpers	US	★★★☆☆	7/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
303	Film projectionist Motion Picture Projectionists	US	★★★★☆	6/10	★☆☆☆☆	On-site
304	Gaming cage cashier and counter cashier Gambling Change Persons and Booth Cashiers	US	★★★☆☆	7/10	★½☆☆☆	On-site
305	Food ingredient worker Food Batchmakers	US	★★★★☆	7/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
306	Tire manufacturing worker Tire Builders	US	★★★☆☆	7/10	★½☆☆☆	On-site
307	Postal service mail delivery person Postal Service Mail Carriers	US	★★★★☆	7/10	★☆☆☆☆	On-site
308	Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators and locomotive firers Railroad Brake, Signal, and Switch Operators and Locomotive Firers	US	★★★★☆	7/10	★½☆☆☆	On-site
309	Printing press operator Printing Press Operators	US	★★★★☆	7/10	★☆☆☆☆	On-site
310	Maids and domestic cleaners Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners	US	★☆☆☆☆	6.4/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
311	Industrial butchers and meat cutters Industrial butchers and meat cutters, poultry preparers and related workers	CA	½☆☆☆☆	6/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
312	Commercial Cleaning Commercial Cleaner	AUNZ	★★☆☆☆	6/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
313	Logging Equipment Operator Logging Equipment Operators	US	★☆☆☆☆	6/10	★★☆☆☆	On-site
314	Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping Equipment Operators	US	★★½☆☆	7/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
315	Paver (paving worker) Segmental Pavers	US	★☆☆☆☆	6/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
316	Restaurant and café waiters and bar helpers Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers	US	★☆☆☆☆	6/10	★★½☆☆	On-site
317	Cutting and slicing machine operators Cutting and Slicing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders	US	★★★★☆	6/10	★½☆☆☆	On-site
318	Parking lot attendant Parking Attendants	US	★★★★☆	6/10	★★☆☆☆	On-site
319	Vehicle and Equipment Cleaner Cleaners of Vehicles and Equipment	US	★★★☆☆	6/10	★½☆☆☆	On-site
320	Car and watercraft service attendant Automotive and Watercraft Service Attendants	US	★★★½☆	6/10	★½☆☆☆	On-site
321	Mining Helper Helpers--Extraction Workers	US	★★½☆☆	6/10	★☆☆☆☆	On-site
322	Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers	US	★★★★☆	6/10	★½☆☆☆	On-site
323	Metal and plastic cutting, punching, and press machine operators Cutting, Punching, and Press Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic	US	★★★★☆	6/10	★☆☆☆☆	On-site
324	Cashier Cashiers	US	★★★★☆	6/10	★☆☆☆☆	On-site
325	Rolling mill operator Rolling Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic	US	★★½☆☆	6/10	★★☆☆☆	On-site
326	Furnace, kiln, dryer, and boiler operators Furnace, Kiln, Oven, Drier, and Kettle Operators and Tenders	US	★★★½☆	6/10	★★☆☆☆	On-site
327	Counter and rental clerks Counter and Rental Clerks	US	★★★★☆	7/10	★½☆☆☆	On-site
328	Rock splitter (quarry) Rock Splitters, Quarry	US	★☆☆☆☆	5/10	★½☆☆☆	On-site
329	Receptionist Receptionist	AUNZ	★★★★☆	4/10	★★★☆☆	On-site
330	Farm worker (crops, nursery, greenhouse). Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse	US	★★★½☆	4/10	★☆☆☆☆	On-site
331	Dishwasher Dishwashers	US	★☆☆☆☆	5/10	★☆☆☆☆	On-site
332	Washers, cleaners, and operators of metal cleaning and pickling equipment Cleaning, Washing, and Metal Pickling Equipment Operators and Tenders	US	★★★★☆	5/10	★½☆☆☆	On-site

Related rankings

Lowest AI replacement Best AI-augmented Licensed moat Human trust & care Highest growth Migration-friendly Newcomers, be cautious

Data sources & methodology

Rankings are computed automatically by transparent formulas from each occupation’s rating dimensions (AI risk, demand, PR friendliness, etc.) and the four AI-map scores (automation exposure, human moat, entry compression, AI upside) — not hand-picked. Scores and salaries are estimates aggregated from public data, updated periodically and indicative only.

Rankings combine AI automation exposure, human moat, entry-risk and AI-upside with demand and growth ratings. Estimates only — always check official sources.